The primary issue of operating a boat in salt water is the cooling system. If you pump up salt water from the ocean and circulate that through your engine you will have problems after a few years. The most common solution to that is to install a "fresh water cooling" system. Most of the boat manufacturers have this as an option although they don't really make it obvious. Actually, it isn't so much the boat builder that has the option as the engine manufacturer. As long as the engine compartment has a little extra room there usually isn't any problem installing an engine with fresh water cooling. Adding it after the fact isn't too difficult, but like AJ said it will have a price tag on it. Basically you have to add a heat exchanger and a bit more plumbing. The raw water pump will now suck up salt water from the ocean, run it through the heat exchanger and dump it into the exhaust manifold water jacket. Ideally, your exhaust manifolds would be the type that circulates fresh water over most of the manifold and doesn't mix the raw water until the very end of the "elbow". Unfortunately, this is not the most common arrangement. It is more common to have the water discharge cool the entire manifold and then dump into the exhaust proper. This will result in salt water running through the cast iron manifolds so they won't last very long. If you are adding fresh water cooling, keep the manifolds you have but when they rust out replace them with the type that circulates fresh water. As far as everything else the salt water won't effect it much. Prop, rudder and shaft are pretty much immune to salt. The salt spray will get on things and cause bits of problems here and there but if you rinse the boat down after use it won't be too bad.
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